Abstract This literature review examines the dramatic advancements in exoplanet atmospheric characterization, charting the field’s transition from initial detections to detailed, high-fidelity spectroscopic analyses in the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The foundational observational techniques—Transmission Spectroscopy (Charbonneau et al. ) and Secondary Eclipse/Emission Spectroscopy (Deming et al. )—have been augmented by the…